Introduction to UAE GCAA - Basic Regulation (CAR-PART I-CAR-BR) ANNEX II Essential Requirements for Air Operations
REGULATION (EU) 2018/ 1139 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL - of 4 July 2018 - on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency.
General Introduction
» Crew members and, as appropriate, all other operations personnel
o Familiar with applicable laws, regulations, and procedures, pertinent to the performance of their duties, prescribed for the areas to be traversed, the aerodromes used, and the air navigation facilities
o Operating procedures specified in the Flight Manual or, Operations Manual, followed
o Before every flight, the roles and duties of each crew member must be defined
o PIC responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft and for the safety of all crew members, passengers, and cargo on board
o No DG unless authorized
o Data Documents & Records plus retention
Flight Preparation
» Complies with the following:
o Adequate facilities directly required for the flight and for the safe operation of the aircraft,
o Including communication facilities and navigation aids, are available for the execution of the flight, taking into account available Aeronautical Information Services documentation;
o The crew must be familiar with and passengers informed of the location and use of relevant emergency equipment;
o Sufficient information, related to the operation and specific to the equipment installed, regarding emergency procedures and use of cabin safety equipment must be made available to crew and passengers;
o The pilot in command must be satisfied that:
- The aircraft is airworthy
- If required, the aircraft is duly registered and that appropriate certificates with respect thereto are aboard the aircraft;
- Instruments and equipment as required for the execution of that flight are installed in the aircraft and are operative unless waived by the applicable MEL or equivalent document;
- The mass of the aircraft and center of gravity location is such that the flight can be conducted within limits prescribed in the airworthiness documentation;
- All cabin baggage, hold luggage, and cargo is properly loaded and secured; and
- The aircraft operating limitations as specified in point 4 will not be exceeded at any time during the flight.
» Information regarding meteorological conditions for
o Departure,
o Destination and, where applicable,
o Alternate aerodromes,
o en-route conditions,
o Special attention must be given to potentially hazardous atmospheric conditions;
o Appropriate mitigation measures or contingency plans must be in place to deal with potentially hazardous atmospheric conditions expected to be encountered in flight.
» For a flight based on visual flight rules, meteorological conditions along the route to be flown must be such as to render compliance with those flight rules possible.
» For a flight based on instrument flight rules a destination and where applicable alternate aerodrome(s) where the aircraft can land must be selected, taking into account
o The forecasted meteorological conditions,
o The availability of air navigation services,
o The availability of ground facilities and
o Instrument flight procedures approved by the State in which the destination and/or alternate aerodrome is located.
» The amount of fuel/energy for propulsion and consumables on board must be sufficient to ensure that the intended flight can be completed safely, taking into account
o The meteorological conditions,
o Any element affecting the performance of the aircraft and any delays that are expected in flight. In addition, a fuel/energy reserve must be carried to provide for contingencies;
o Procedures for in-flight fuel/energy management must be established when relevant.
Continuing Airworthiness and Environmental Compatibility of Products
The aircraft must not be operated unless:
» The aircraft is airworthy and in a condition for safe and environmentally compatible operation;
» The operational and emergency equipment necessary for the intended flight is serviceable;
» The airworthiness document and, if applicable, the noise certificate of the aircraft is valid; and
» The maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the applicable requirements.
Before each flight or a series of consecutive flights, the aircraft must be inspected, through a pre-flight check, to determine whether it is fit for the intended flight.
The aircraft must not be operated unless it is released to service by qualified persons or organizations, after maintenance.
The signed release to service must contain in particular, the basic details of the maintenance carried out.
Records necessary to demonstrate the airworthiness and environmental compatibility status of the aircraft must be kept and protected against, unauthorized modification for the period of time corresponding to the applicable continuing airworthiness requirements, until the information contained has been superseded by new information equivalent in scope and detail but in any event not less than 24 months.
All modifications and repairs must comply with the essential requirements for airworthiness and, if applicable, the environmental compatibility of products.
The substantiating data supporting compliance with the airworthiness requirements and requirements for the environmental compatibility of products must be retained and protected against unauthorized modification.
It is the responsibility of the aircraft operator to ensure that a third party performing the maintenance complies with the operator's safety and security requirements.
Additional requirements for commercial air transport and other operations subject to a certification or declaration requirement performed with airplanes, helicopters, or tilt-rotor aircraft excluding non-commercial operations with other-than-complex motor-powered aircraft
The operation must not be undertaken unless the following conditions are met:
» The aircraft operator must have directly or through agreements with third parties the means necessary for the scale and scope of the operations.
» Those means comprise but are not limited to the following:
o Aircraft,
o Facilities,
o Management structure,
o Personnel, equipment,
o Documentation of tasks,
o Responsibilities and procedures,
o Access to relevant data and record keeping.
» The aircraft operator must use only suitably qualified and trained personnel and implement and maintain training and checking programs for the crew members and other relevant personnel that are necessary to ensure the currency of their certificates, ratings, and qualifications;
» The aircraft operator must
o Implement and maintain a management system to ensure compliance
o Manage safety risks and aim for continuous improvement
o Consider contracted activities in particular ground handling activities
» The aircraft operator shall establish an occurrence reporting system to contribute to the aim of continuous improvement of safety.
» The operation must only be undertaken in accordance with an aircraft operator's operations manual.
» Such a manual must contain all necessary instructions, information, and procedures for all aircraft operated and for operations personnel to perform their duties.
» Limitations applicable to flight time, flight duty periods, and rest periods for crew members must be specified.
» The operations manual and its revisions must be compliant with the approved flight manual and be amended as necessary.
Security Considerations
» The aircraft operator shall establish procedures, as appropriate, so as to minimize the consequences to safe flight operations of disruptive passenger behavior.
» The aircraft operator must develop and maintain security programs adapted to the aircraft and the type of operation including particularly:
o Security of the flight crew compartment;
o Aircraft search procedure checklist;
o Training programs; and
o Protection of electronic and computer systems to prevent intentional and non-intentional system interference and corruption.
» When security measures may adversely affect the safety of operations, the risks must be assessed and appropriate procedures developed to mitigate safety risks, this may necessitate the use of specialist equipment.
Additional Requirements
The aircraft operator must designate one pilot amongst the flight crew as the pilot in command. (PIC)
The prevention of fatigue must be managed through a fatigue management system. For a flight, or series of flights, such a system needs to address
» flight time,
» flight-duty periods,
» duty and adapted rest periods.
» Limitations established within the fatigue management system must take into account all relevant factors contributing to fatigue such as, in particular,
o number of sectors flown,
o time-zone crossing,
o sleep deprivation,
o disruption of circadian cycles,
o night hours,
o positioning,
o cumulative duty time for given periods of time,
o sharing of allocated tasks between crew members, and also
o the provision of augmented crews.
Continuing airworthiness management must meet the requirements of CAR-M or CAR-ML as appropriate.
The aircraft operator must ensure that the release to service is issued by an organization qualified for the maintenance of products, parts, and not-installed equipment.
This organization shall meet the requirements of CAR-M or CAR-ML as appropriate.
The CAW organization referred to shall establish an organization manual providing, for use and guidance of personnel concerned, a description of all continuing airworthiness procedures of the organization.
A checklist system must be available for use, as applicable, by crew members in all phases of operation of the aircraft under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions and situations.
Procedures must be established for any reasonably foreseeable emergency situation.
Emergency or abnormal situations must not be simulated when passengers or cargo are being carried.
Next Steps
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